Research Paper怎么写:Preparation写作要领 Preparation就是前期的一些准备工作,比如查找论文主题相关资料,确定自己的写作方向,这个过程基本上都是可以图书馆完成,但是大家在收集到了有效的材料之后一定要做笔记,将有用的内容
2、创建大纲 大纲在撰写论文时至关重要。要想论文讲得通,唯一的途径就是整合逻辑。首先创建一个简单的草图,描述论文整体的框架,包括各个部分应该写什么内容。这会防止同学在实际写作时偏离要点。3、广泛研究 这是撰写论文
A+TermPaper写作攻略 首先term paper和research paper是不一样的,term paper更多的是考核同学们在本学期中掌握的相关知识的熟悉度与质量。但恰恰因为题目过于自由,会让很多同学止步于第一阶段—寻找自己熟悉且感兴趣的题目,
⑤Response paper让你提前习惯于每周都要读文献、写论文的工作节奏(每周都要读文献、写论文、读文献、写论文)。其次:Response paper该写些什么内容?我们大部分留学生在开始写response paper的时候最大的困扰就是不知道该写什
一、针对评分要求去写 写Paper之前一定要清楚老师的要求,并且知道可以利用的资源(比如TA,Reader)。Paper的要求不仅包括篇幅,还有采用哪些资源,回答哪些问题,如何构架文章的具体要求,还包括老师的评分要求。在学生遇到过的
美国留学生paper格式要求留学生在写论文时需要注意的格式要求与本国不同。本文将从字数、结构、引用、参考文献、标点等五个角度进行论证。字数在美国,大学教授通常要求论文字数在1000-5000字之间,但是在研究生阶段则需较长。
留学生Paper作业怎么写?
在之前的文章中, 易智编译 对论文题目、摘要、前言以及结论等部分进行了介绍,但一篇完整的SCI 论文应该还包含Acknowledgement, References,如果有图和表的话,还应该包括Legends。所以本文中,易智编译就对这几个部分相应的
acknowledgement 通常 要说明以下几点:1。该文章/科研的赞助者. The study is supported (如果:一部分”in part) by a grant from the National Institute of Health.2. 对文章做过贡献但不符合作者的资格。We would
acknowledgement [英][əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt][美][əkˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt]n.承认,确认; 致谢,鸣谢; 收条; [法]承认书;复数:acknowledgements
“致谢”一般在论文的最后:Acknowledgement:例如:We are grateful to Dr Li who made NMR analysis for the most of new compounds, and to Miss Li who typed the manuscript. We also greatly appreciate Prof. Li’
非常感谢xxx老师、xxx老师在我大学的最后学习阶段——毕业设计阶段给自己的指导,从最初的定题,到资料收集,到写作、修改,到论文定稿,她们给了我耐心的指导和无私的帮助。为了指导我们的毕业论文,她们放弃了自己的休息时间
英文毕业论文的Acknowledgement范本 First and foremost, I appreciate my college which gives me a comfortable learning atmosphere. Second, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Miss Zhang, who
Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Liu Shaolong, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar,who has provided me with valuable guidance in
论文acknowledgement怎么写
在之前的文章中, 易智编译 对论文题目、摘要、前言以及结论等部分进行了介绍,但一篇完整的SCI 论文应该还包含Acknowledgement, References,如果有图和表的话,还应该包括Legends。所以本文中,易智编译就对这几个部分相应的
acknowledgement 通常 要说明以下几点:1。该文章/科研的赞助者. The study is supported (如果:一部分”in part) by a grant from the National Institute of Health.2. 对文章做过贡献但不符合作者的资格。We would
acknowledgement [英][əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt][美][əkˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt]n.承认,确认; 致谢,鸣谢; 收条; [法]承认书;复数:acknowledgements
“致谢”一般在论文的最后:Acknowledgement:例如:We are grateful to Dr Li who made NMR analysis for the most of new compounds, and to Miss Li who typed the manuscript. We also greatly appreciate Prof. Li’
非常感谢xxx老师、xxx老师在我大学的最后学习阶段——毕业设计阶段给自己的指导,从最初的定题,到资料收集,到写作、修改,到论文定稿,她们给了我耐心的指导和无私的帮助。为了指导我们的毕业论文,她们放弃了自己的休息时间
英文毕业论文的Acknowledgement范本 First and foremost, I appreciate my college which gives me a comfortable learning atmosphere. Second, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Miss Zhang, who
Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Liu Shaolong, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar,who has provided me with valuable guidance in
论文acknowledgement怎么写
同时,感谢所有任课老师和所有同学在这四年来给自己的指导和帮助,是他们教会了我专业知识,教会了我如何学习,教会了我如何做人。正是由于他们,我才能在各方面取得显著的进步,在此向他们表示我由衷的谢意,并祝所有的老师
英文毕业论文的Acknowledgement范本 First and foremost, I appreciate my college which gives me a comfortable learning atmosphere. Second, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Miss Zhang, who
Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Liu Shaolong, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar,who has provided me with valuable guidance in
Acknowledgement 的写法:It is grateful to Mr Deng, Ms Wang and Miss Cheng for their invaluable help in accomplishing the work.
acknowledgement [英][əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt][美][əkˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt]n.承认,确认; 致谢,鸣谢; 收条; [法]承认书;复数:acknowledgements
acknowledgement怎么写
在摘要后面留两空行,然后开始正文。其实就是要楼主先写好abstract,而abstract这个词的字体要12,字体要New Times Roman,黑体字,居中,开头要大写。 然后abstract中的内容的字体要求为10,段落与段落之间留一行空处,多于150
Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Appendix(附录)其中Title,Abstract,Introduction,Method,Result,Discussion,Conclusion,Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中,读
Title-论文题目Author(s)-作者姓名Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)-联系方式Abstract-摘要Keywords-关键词Body-正文Acknowledgement-致谢References-参考文献Appendix-附录,可空缺Resume-作者简介视刊物而定Coveringletter投稿信其中正文为论文的主体
Acknowledgement-致谢 References-参考文献 Appendix-附录,可空缺 Resume-作者简介,视刊物而定 Covering letter投稿信 其中正文为论文的主体部分,包括以下五部分: Introduction-引言/概述 Materials and Methods-材料和方法 Results-
Acknowledgement(致谢) Reference(参考文献) Appendix(附录)的顺序?
英文的论文致谢篇一: First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Zhang Hong, for her instructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of her
论文感谢信范文英语篇一:Thanks to my tutor professor XXX, he wrote to a doctor of letters are careful meticulous, conscientious and meticulous style has always been my work and study of the model; They descr
三十功名尘与土,八千里路云和月。转眼就要告别,是终,亦是始。论文完成之际,也预示着二十余载求学生涯的结束。在即将踏上工作岗位的前夕,有太多事和太多人值得不断地去回忆品味和感激,在此对曾经指导我关心我照顾我的你们致以最诚挚
I would also like to thank my colleagues and classmates who have provided me with valuable feedback and support during the writing process. Their constructive criticism and encouragement have been invaluable in hel
“致谢”一般在论文的最后:Acknowledgement:例如:We are grateful to Dr Li who made NMR analysis for the most of new compounds, and to Miss Li who typed the manuscript. We also greatly appreciate Prof. Li’
论文的英文致谢怎么写
英文毕业论文的Acknowledgement范本 First and foremost, I appreciate my college which gives me a comfortable learning atmosphere. Second, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Miss Zhang, who has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her illuminating instruction and patience, this thesis could not have reached its present form. I am also greatly indebted to all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence. My sincere appreciation also goes to all my classmates, who are my proud of my life. Last but not least, I want to thank all my friends, especially my three lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support. 范本翻译 首先,我很欣赏我的大学,它给了我一个舒适的学习环境。第二,我想对我的导师张小姐表示最深切的感谢,她陪我走过了这篇论文写作的所有阶段。 如果没有她富有启发性的指导和耐心,这篇论文就不可能达到现在的形式。我也非常感谢我所有的老师,他们帮助我发展了基本的和必要的学术能力。我真诚地感谢我所有的同学,他们是我生命的骄傲。最后,我要感谢我所有的朋友,特别是我那三个可爱的室友,感谢他们的鼓励和支持。写作思路:可以向老师致谢,还可以向父母致谢,或者向母校致谢等等,在你生命成长的过程中帮助过你的人,或者是令你难忘的人,都可以致谢。 正文: 本论文在xxx导师的悉心指导下完成的。导师渊博的专业知识、严谨的治学态度,精益求精的工作作风,诲人不倦的高尚师德,严于律己、宽以待人的崇高风范,朴实无法、平易近人的人格魅力对本人影响深远。 不仅使本人树立了远大的学习目标、掌握了基本的研究方法,还使本人明白了许多为人处事的道理。本次论文从选题到完成,每一步都是在导师的悉心指导下完成的,倾注了导师大量的心血。 在此,谨向导师表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢!在写论文的过程中,遇到了很多的问题,在老师的耐心指导下,问题都得以解决。所以在此,再次对老师道一声:老师,谢谢您 时光匆匆如流水,转眼便是大学毕业时节,春梦秋云,聚散真容易。离校日期已日趋渐进,毕业论文的完成也随之进入了尾声。从开始进入课题到论文的顺利完成,一直都离不开老师、同学、朋友给我热情的帮助,在这里请接受我诚挚的谢意! 在此我向xxxx学校xxxxxxx专业的所有老师表示衷心的感谢,谢谢你们三年的辛勤栽培,谢谢你们在教学的同时更多的是传授我们做人的道理,谢谢三年里面你们孜孜不倦的教诲! 三年寒窗,所收获的不仅仅是愈加丰厚的知识,更重要的是在阅读、实践中所培养的思维方式、表达能力和广阔视野。 很庆幸这三年来我遇到了如此多的良师益友,无论在学习上、生活上,还是工作上,都给予了我无私的帮助和热心的照顾,让我在一个充满温馨的环境中度过三年的大学生活。感恩之情难以用言语量度,谨以最朴实的话语致以最崇高的敬意。 最后要感谢的是我的父母,他们不仅培养了我对中国传统文化的浓厚的兴趣,让我在漫长的人生旅途中使心灵有了虔敬的归依,而且也为我能够顺利地完成毕业论文提供了巨大的支持与帮助。 在未来的日子里,我会更加努力的学习和工作,不辜负父母对我的殷殷期望!我一定会好好孝敬他们,报答他们!爸妈,我爱你们! “长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。”这是我少年时最喜欢的诗句。就用这话作为这篇论文的一个结尾,也是一段生活的结束。希望自己能够继续少年时的梦想,永不放弃。
一般来说,一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成: Title(标题) Abstract(摘要) Keywords(关键词) Table of contents(目录) Nomenclature(术语表) Introduction(引言) Method(方法) Results(结果) Discussion(讨论) Conclusion(结论) Acknowledgement(致谢) Reference(参考文献) Appendix(附录) 其中Title,Abstract,Introduction,Method,Result,Discussion,Conclusion,Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中,读者最多的是Title,Abstract和Introduction部分,读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说,一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少,在很大程度上取决于Title,Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。 学术论文的正文一般包括Method,Result,Discussion三个部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法,研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件,并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性,反映一个研究课题的价值,同时提出以后的研究方向。 ④参考文献: 1、英语论文中,参考书目里作者的名字该按什么名字写?比如说Christine(教名) Anne(自取名) Alexander(姓)该怎么写 答案:我的论文指导手册里是这样说的,英文作者跟中文作者一样,姓在前,名在后。而且,名字用首字母缩写的方法。像你说的那个名字,Alexander C. A. 2、期刊以时间分为卷和期。卷是在期之上的一个时间分类。这里“期”为1个年度中依时间顺序发行的期数的编号;而“卷”是此刊物从创刊年度开始按年度顺序逐年累加的编年号。
学术论文写作用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个,一是参加国际学术会议,在会议上宣讲,促进学术交流;二是在国际学术刊物上发表,使国外同行了解自己的研究成果,同样也是出于学术交流的目的。 不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求,但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性,便会起到触类旁通的作用。 对我国青年学者或学生来说,用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料,不是不熟悉专业词汇,也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。用英语写论文难,是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。关于学术英语写作的语言技巧,我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法,包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构,我们都在此作较详细介绍,以便读者模仿练习,将写作工作化难为易。 一般来说,一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成:Title(标题) Abstract(摘要) Keywords(关键词) Table of contents(目录) Nomenclature(术语表) Introduction(引言) Method(方法) Results(结果) Discussion(讨论) Conclusion(结论) Acknowledgement(致谢) Reference(参考文献) Appendix(附录) 其中Title,Abstract,Introduction,Method,Result,Discussion,Conclusion,Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中,读者最多的是Title,Abstract和Introduction部分,读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说,一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少,在很大程度上取决于Title,Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。 学术论文的正文一般包括Method,Result,Discussion三个部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法,研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件,并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性,反映一个研究课题的价值,同时提出以后的研究方向。 标题的写法论文标题是全文内容的缩影。读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图,从而决定是否阅读全文。因此,为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者,论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。 6.1 标题的长度标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等1) Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2 2) Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0 3) Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3 14) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2 5) Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2 6) Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4英语科技论文中,标题不宜过长,大多为8—12个单词左右。表6.1和表6.2列出了一些学术论文的标题的字数及词性统计资料。 表6.1 学术论文标题中字数及词性统计(一) 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等7) On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components 9 5 2 2 8) Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures: A Biomechanical and Comparative Study 10 4 1 4 9) Acoustics of Long Spaces: Theory and Application 7 4 l 2 10) Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-of-Position Occupant 7 2 0 11) Semi-Integral Abutments in Bridge Seismic Design 6 3 l 2 12) High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling 9 7 0 2 13 ) Surface Engineering of Polymers for Biomedical Application 7 4 2 l 14) The Design of User-Oriented Database of Material Performance Based on Client/Server Model 13 7 3 3. 15) Impingement Heat Transfer of Diesel Flames in a Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine 13 8 2 3平均(约)9 5.5 1.5 2来源:中国第三届青年学术会议论文集,材料科学与工程技术。北京:中国科学技术出版社,1998.标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等1) Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements by the Elderly 9 5 2 2 2) Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students 9 6 l 2 3) Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students 7 4 2 l 4) Severe Weather and the Automobile 5 2 0 3 5) Heavy Weight Contenders:a Look at Fat 7 4 1 2 6) A1uminutn:Is It Hazardous to YourHealth? 7 3 1 3 7) The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey 11 5 2 4 8) Sustaining the Discussion:Ecology in the Humanities Classroom 8 4 l 3 9) Diversity in the Future WorkForce 6 4 1 l 10) Models of Sustaining Human and Natural Development in an Urban Environment 11 3 2 6 11) Variation in Acorn Production and Chemistry of Two Oak Oak Species with respect to Topography 14 8 5 1 12) Traditional Versus Adult StudiesStudents: the College Experience 8 5 0 3 13) Solving the Food Shortage Problem in Northeast and Northwest Africa Using Hydroponically Grown Peanuts & Solarly Distilled Water 18 10 1 7 14) Impact of Cancer:Coping Process and Quality of Life 9 5 2 2标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等15) Application of Digital Image Analysis for Helping to Define the Prognosis Of Selected Malignancies 14 6 3 5平均(约) 9.5 5 1.5 3来源:The Ohio Journal of Science Vol. 96(2) 表6.1中列出的是中国科协第三届青年学术年会论文集中15篇英文论文的标题,平均9个单词。表6.2列出的是从The Ohio Journal of Science中随机挑出的15篇论文的标题,平均9.5个单词。要想用有限的字数概括全文的主旨,用词必须仔细斟酌和推敲,选择最简练、最准确、最贴切的词来表达全文的主要内容。 6.2 标题的用词从表6.1和表6.2可以看出,标题中用得最多的是名词(包括动名词),平均占总单词数的50%~60%之高。其中有的标题中80%以上的词为名词。除名词外,用得较多的是介词,有时使用形容词、冠词、连词、副词。 标题是对全文重要内容的高度概括,因此用词要贴切、中肯,不能有任何随意性。为了便于检索,标题中所用的词尽量使用表达全文内容的关键词,下面举例说明标题中关键词的出现率。例1 a.标题:On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components b.关键词:fatigue spotweld automobile life prediction .疲劳点焊汽车寿命预测b.标题:Computer Simulation and Experimental Study On Cold Shut During Mold Filling关键词:mold filling computer simulation cold shut casting铸件充型计算机模拟冷隔铸造c.标题:Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-of Position Occupant关键词:air bag out-of-position occupant安全气囊离位乘员c.标题:New Fatigue Test and Statistical Method for Metallic Materials Used in Vehicle Transmissions关键词:fatigue test statistical method test specimens疲劳实验统计方法试样分析:例1a中,有4个关键词,在标题里出现了3个,而标题中出现的两个名词词组fatigue life prediction 和spot welded components都是文章的关键词。 在例1b中,有4个关键词,其中3个出现在标题里。标题中用了4个名词词组:computer simulation,experimental study,cold shut,mold filling,其中3个是关键词。 例1c中有2个关键词,在标题里都出现。标题中用了3个名词或名词词组:investigation,air bags deployment forces,out-of-position occupant,其中两个是关键词。 例1d中有3个关键词,其中2个出现在标题里。 从上面四个例子可以看出,标题中的用词多是文章的关键词,明确、精炼,将文章的主要内容予以高度概括。 标题中用得最多的是名词或名词词组,一般不用动词或动词词组。如果用动词,则用非谓语动词形式,如动名词、不定式或分词。 从表6.1和表6.2可以看出,在标题平均9个单词中,有5.5个是名词,占一半以上。除名词外,用得较多的是介词of,in,on等,再其次是连词and和形容词。偶尔也需要用一些其他词性的词,如副词、冠词等。 6.3 标题的结构学术文章的标题主要有三种结构:名词性词组(包括动名词),介词词组,名词词组+介词词组。间或也用一个疑问句作标题(多用在人文社会科学领域),但一般不用陈述句或动词词组作标题。 (1)名词性词组名词性词组由名词及其修饰语构成。名词的修饰语可以是形容词、介词短语,有时也可以是另一个名词。名词修饰名词时,往往可以缩短标题的长度。以下各标题分别由两个名词词组构成。 例2 a.Severe Weather and the Automobile(名词词组) (名词词组) b.Soil Behavior and Critical Soil Mechanics(名词词组) (名词词组) c.High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling(名词词组) (名词词组) d.Traditional Versus Adult Studies Students: the College(名词词组) (名词词组) Experience(2)介词词组介词词组由介词十名词或名词词组构成。如果整个标题就是一个介词词组的话,一般这个介词是“on”,意思是“对……的研究”。 例3 a.On the Distribution of Sound in a Corridor b.On the Crushing Mechanism of Thin Walled Structures(3)名词/名词词组+介词词组这是标题中用得最多的结构。 例4 a.Fundamentals of Flow Measurement .(名词) (介词词组) b.Scattered Sound and Reverberation on Gity Streets and in Tunnels(名词词组) (介词词组) c.Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students(名词词组) (名词词组) (介词词组) d.Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students(名词) (介词词组) (介词词组) e.Diversity in the Future Work Force(名词) (介词词组) f.Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials(名词) (介词词组) g.Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy(名词词组) (介词词组) h.Acoustics of Long Spaces:Theory and Application(名词) (介词词组) (名词词组) i. Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces(名词) (介词词组) on Out-of-Position Occupant(介词词组) j. Models of sustaining Human and Natural Development(名词) (介词词组) in an Urban Environment(介词词组) 标题中的介词词组一般用来修饰名词或名词词组,从而限定某研究课题的范围。这种结构与中文的“的”字结构相似,区别是中文标题中修饰语在前,中心词在后。英文正好相反,名词在前,而作为修饰语的介词短语在后。 例5 a.Progress on Fuel Cell and lts Materials燃料电池及其材料进展b.Computer Simulation and Experimental Study On Co1d Shut During Mold Filling铸件充型中冷隔过程计算机模拟及其实验研究c. On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components点焊汽车构件疲劳寿命预测c.Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-Of-Position Occupant安全气囊对离位乘员作用力的分析与研究(4)其他形式对于值得争议的问题,偶尔可用疑问句作为论文的标题,以点明整个论文讨论的焦点。 例6 a.Do Electromagnetic Fields Affect the Way Plants Grow? b.Do Specific Ambient Odors Enhance Short Term Memory Function? c.130 Heterotrophic Protozoa Release Major Quantities Of Dissolved Organic Phosphorous in Lake Water? 有的标题由两部分组成,用冒号(:)隔开。一般来说,冒号前面一部分是研究的对象、内容或课题,比较笼统,冒号后面具体说明研究重点或研究方法。这种结构可再分为三种模式。 模式1 研究课题:具体内容例7 a.Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology:Barriers and Needs b.Fire Resistant Steels for Construction:Design,Properties and Microchemistry c.Acoustics of Long Spaces Theory and Application d.Impact of Cancer:Coping Process and Quality of Life模式2 研究课题:方法/性质例8 a.Solid Oxide Fuel Cell:A Survey b. Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures. A Biomechanical and Comparative Study c. The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey d. Development of New Public Water Supply Well-fields Using Electromagnetic Conductance: Two Case Studies模式3 研究课题:问题焦点a. Aluminum: Is It Hazardous to Your Health? b. Noise: Good? Bad? Maybe Both? c. Manure: Friend or Foe? 思考题下面这写论文标题是否合适?如果不合适,请修改。 1. Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music 2. Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans 3. How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land 4. Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education 5. The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education 6. Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered 7. Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices 8. Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce 9. The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science 10. A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University 11. The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Populations: A Statistical Analysis参考答案下面这写论文标题是否合适?如果不合适,请修改。 1. Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music (合适) 2. Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans (不合适) 改为:Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans 3. How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land(不合适) 该为: Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land 4. Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education( 不合适) 该为: Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education 5. The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education (合适) 6. Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered(不合适) 改为: Physics and Art: Uncovering Conceptual Linkages 7. Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices(不合适) 该为:Use of Diamond for Electric Devices 8. Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce (合适) 9. The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science(不合适) 改为: The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science 10. A Qualitative / Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University (合适) 11. The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Populations: A Statistical Analysis ( 不合适) 该为: The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations: A Statistical Analysis
Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Liu Shaolong, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar, who has provided me with valuable guidance in every stage of the writing of this thesis. Without his enlightening instruction, impressive kindness and patience, I could not have completed my thesis. His keen and vigorous academic observation enlightens me not only in this thesis but also in my future study. I shall extend my thanks to Mrs. Liu for all her kindness and help. I would also like to thank all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence. My sincere appreciation also goes to the teachers and students from No. 16 Senior Middle School and Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, who participated this study with great cooperation. Last but not least, I' d like to thank all my friends, especially my three lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support. 这是个范围,你稍微改一下就可以的了
给你一个简单的例子,仅供参考: Acknowledgements I want to take this chance to thanks to my tutor----XXX, a lecturer of School of Foreign Languages and Cultures. In the process of composing this paper, he gives me many academic and constructive advices, and helps me to correct my paper. Except these, he also gave me the opportunity to do my teaching practice. At the same time, I would like to appreciate my literature teacher, who gives me useful literature knowledge and information in this paper. He is XXX. At last, I am very grateful of my dear friends, XXX, XXX, who offered me the confidence and discuss with me about my paper. Of course, I do need to thanks my father, XXX, my mother, XXX, because of their warm care I can grow up well.
Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Liu Shaolong, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar, who has provided me with valuable guidance in every stage of the writing of this thesis. Without his enlightening instruction, impressive kindness and patience, I could not have completed my thesis. His keen and vigorous academic observation enlightens me not only in this thesis but also in my future study. I shall extend my thanks to Mrs. Liu for all her kindness and help. I would also like to thank all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence. My sincere appreciation also goes to the teachers and students from No. 16 Senior Middle School and Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, who participated this study with great cooperation. Last but not least, I' d like to thank all my friends, especially my three lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support. 这是个范围,你稍微改一下就可以的了
给你一个简单的例子,仅供参考: Acknowledgements I want to take this chance to thanks to my tutor----XXX, a lecturer of School of Foreign Languages and Cultures. In the process of composing this paper, he gives me many academic and constructive advices, and helps me to correct my paper. Except these, he also gave me the opportunity to do my teaching practice. At the same time, I would like to appreciate my literature teacher, who gives me useful literature knowledge and information in this paper. He is XXX. At last, I am very grateful of my dear friends, XXX, XXX, who offered me the confidence and discuss with me about my paper. Of course, I do need to thanks my father, XXX, my mother, XXX, because of their warm care I can grow up well.
Paper写作其实和essay差别不大,也正是因为这样,大多数留学生也一直没有间断地写作paper。很多学生坦言,想要写出高质量的paper,就必须把Paper各部分都写得非常好才行。那么Paper各部分写作的要点是什么呢?一篇Paper基本是由下面这九个部分组成的:Preparation,Structure,Title,Abstracts,Introduction,Conclusion,BodyofPaper,Recision,Acknowledgement.让我们先来看看paper写作都有哪些需要特别注意:Preparation(前期的准备工作)准备工作就是收集写作资料,找出灵感和写作方向,这步骤基本都会泡在图书馆里完成,当然也可可以适当结合网络资源库。Structure(结构框架是重点)一篇paper的写作结构应该是两个triangle组成的:上面一个倒三角,下面一个正三角,可能Freshman就不懂了,没事往下看,这两三角形其实就是:选题可以宽一点(wide),然后研究方向要窄,最后的conclusion又要扩散思维。在paper的body前后都必须有declarativestatement,用最少的字句表达出自己的观点,以吸引你的教授。Title(标题要清晰简短)表达出自己唯一的topic以提升读者的兴趣(promotetheinterestofreader),然而title中切记不能出现abbreviation和自己的result。Abstract(摘要其实就是整篇Paper的浓缩版)简明扼要,一般情况下不要超过两百字,单独成段,,Abstract的写作顺序可以这样写:介绍主要研究对象(subject)、实验设计(design)、实验步骤(procedures)以及最后结果(results)Introduction(前言一样要求精简)顺序是一般背景介绍、别人工作成果、自己的研究目的及工作简介,其中介绍别人工作时只需介绍和自己最相关的方面(veryrelevant),而对自己的工作介绍不用说明细节,因为这个要放到body中去。不要忘记在介绍自己工作之前要有一个declarativestatement。Body(正文部分)正文部分可以分为methods、result和discussion三个部分:1.Methods,详尽的介绍自己的实验方案以便于他人能够重复自己的实验过程,对于通用的实验方案可以简略,重点要放到自己的独创方案上面(ownprocedures),按照实验的先后顺序介绍,为了文章的阅读方便,不要使用过多层次的subheadings,比如subsubsubsection等等。2.Result,使用text、table、figure等手段表达出来,其中table不要使用过多,而figure必须保证图线清楚、注解明确,必要的时候还要对于自己的result中的一些结论进行解释说明。3.Discussion,这个部分是为了以后的study,在其中提出自己的problem或者是hypothesis,和别人的成果进行比较,暗示自己的主要收获,为后面的conclusion做准备。Conclusion(结论,非常重要的总结部分)结论部分要保持brief、neat和concise,一定要舍得结束自己的paper;如果自己的paper只是project的一部分,稍做说明。Revison是在写完之后回头看看是否有逻辑上的错误,是否考虑到了读者兴趣,自己的declarativestatement是否令人满意,Brevityisthesoulofliteraryconstruction。Acknowledgement(致谢很有必要)以上就是Paper各部分的写作要点,即将去英国留学的中国学子们可要做好心理准备,虽然还没有正式开学,但是准留学生可以先了解一下,这对你的学业肯定是有帮助的。
1.首先需要知道什么是Paper 1.科技论文是集假说、数据和结论为一体的概括性描述 2.论文并不仅是收集研究结果,也有助于形成进一步的研究工作的框架。好的文章提要也是研究工作的好计划,在研究的过程中,应该反复修改这些计划或提要。研究工作开始时,应有完善的计划;工作结束时,应充分的总结。 2.列提纲的原因 2.1按照提纲进行写作是最有效的方法,提纲是一篇论文的行文计划,应该包括论文所依靠的数据。提纲不仅仅是列出各段的内容,而是按照目的,假说,结论来精心组织数据。 2.2.在我们就提纲达成一致以前,写正文是没有意义的在动笔前,详细讨论几遍写作提纲会提高写作效率;写很多遍正文反倒很慢。 2.3当你已经囊括了所有的数据(或者你明确知道你还需要收集哪些额外的数据),有了一个合理的构架,你对这些都感到满意时,将大纲交给我。简要地标明哪些地方还缺数据,你认为(或推测)这些数据大概是什么样。如果你的推测是正确的,你将如何去解释它。拿到你的大纲后,我将把我的观点,建议反馈给你。一般,我们需要四或五个来回才能达成一致(中间经常还需要补做一些实验)。在我们的意见一致后,所有的数据通常以最终(或接近最终的)形式确定下来(也就是说,在提纲中的表格,图表等最终将成为文章中的表格,图表)